The process of separating and enriching manganese minerals or aggregates of manganese minerals from manganese-bearing ores. The mineral processing product is manganese concentrate.
Manganese in minerals and resources occurs as compounds in nature, and most of them are manganese oxides and carbonate minerals with industrial significance. The industrial types of manganese ore include manganese carbonate ore, manganese oxide ore, mixed manganese ore and polymetallic manganese ore. China's manganese ore is mainly manganese carbonate ore, followed by ferromanganese ore, manganese oxide ore, mixed manganese ore and polymetallic manganese ore. The average manganese grade of manganese carbonate ore is about 20%. Most of the manganese carbonate ores have cryptocrystalline and fine aggregates or oolitic structures, which are micro-layered and banded. The particle size of manganese minerals is 5-10/um. The manganese grade of ferromanganese ore is 20%-30%, and that of manganese oxide ore is 16%-30%. Most of manganese carbonate ores in China contain more phosphorus and iron than silicon. Phosphorus generally exists in fine apatite and collophanite, while iron generally exists in the form of iron sulfide and iron oxide. In addition, there are quite a number of manganese ores associated with cobalt, nickel, lead, zinc, tin and silver and other useful elements.
The manganese carbonate ore in the technological process has developed joints and is brittle. It is easy to slime in the process of mining, transportation and crushing. The mud content of manganese oxide ore is 10%-30% at the lowest and 70%-80% at the highest. Therefore, screening, classification and washing are very important. The beneficiation of manganese oxide ores usually adopts the combined process of one-stage gravity separation, one-stage high-intensity magnetic separation or one-stage high-intensity magnetic separation. Manganese carbonate ores are usually separated by a combined process of one-stage high intensity magnetic separation and flotation. Ore washing and classification are often inseparable two parts. The clay gangue aggregated by ore washing and classification will be fragmented, dispersed and separated to improve the ore grade. The commonly used equipment is vibrating screen, trough washing machine and spiral classifier.
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