3.2 Black Drugs and Their Derivatives as Collectors
Black medicine and its derivatives collectors usually have good selectivity, but their collecting ability is slightly poor. They can be used to separate copper ore containing pyrite, mainly including black medicine, double black medicine and black medicine ester. Zhu Yimin synthesized a new type of isobutylammonium black drug from phosphorus pentosulfide, isobutanol and liquid ammonia. The comparative experiments of Bajiazi Copper-Lead-Zinc Mine in Liaoning Province were carried out by using isobutyl ammonium black powder and n-butyl ammonium black powder as collectors respectively. The results show that the recovery of copper, lead, zinc, sulfur and silver obtained by using isobutyl ammonium black powder as collector has been improved. It shows that the collection performance of isobutyl ammonium black powder is better than that of n-butyl ammonium black powder. Moreover, the price of isobutanol is much cheaper than that of n-butanol.
3.3 Sulfur and Nitrogen Collectors
Ethylene sulfide nitrogen is widely used as collector. Diethylamine, carbon disulfide, sodium hydroxide and water are prepared by reacting in an ice-brine bath at the molar ratio of 1.07:1:1:2. Ethyl sulfide and nitrogen have similar collecting performance with xanthate, but the effect is better than xanthate. It has stronger collecting performance. It can make the dosage of ethyl sulfide and nitrogen decrease several times or even tens times than xanthate, and has faster flotation speed and better selectivity.
Sulfur-nitrogen esters generally have stronger collecting ability and selectivity than corresponding sulfur-nitrogen. Sulfur-nitrogen is synthesized by reaction of sulfur-nitrogen with olefins, mainly including thiazolyl propylene ester, thiazolyl acrylonitrile ester and thiazolyl propionitrile ester (ester-105). Wang Rainbow studied the separation effect of ester-105 on Huashugou copper ore of Jiugang and compared it with butyl xanthate. Using ester-105 as collector and adding a small amount of sodium silicate, the technical index of copper concentrate grade 22.51% and copper recovery 93.41% can be obtained, while the grade of copper concentrate using butyl xanthate as collector is only 18.79%. This shows that ester-105 has stronger collecting ability and selectivity than butyl xanthate.
3.4 Mercapto Compounds
Sulfhydryl compounds mainly include mercaptan, thiophenol, baiyao, thiazole, imidazole mercaptan and so on. They are generally used as sulfide collectors, either alone or in combination with xanthate. Dongchuan Mining Bureau used imidazole to carry out a small-scale flotation study on the refractory high-calcium and magnesium Yinmin ores with chalcopyrite and bornite as the main copper sulfide minerals. The results showed that the grade of copper concentrate could be kept basically unchanged by using imidazole alone or combined with xanthate, but the recovery could be increased by 2.98%.
3.5 Other New Collectors
Natarajan et al. synthesized and studied the application of several aryl oxime acids in copper-zinc sulphide ores. It showed good selectivity and strong collecting ability for chalcopyrite, but weak for zinc and iron. The collecting ability would increase with the increase of carbon atoms of alkanes on acyl groups, but it would increase to 6. When the dosage of reagent is very low, the recovery rate of copper is 93%, the grade of copper is 32%, and the flotation effect is better.
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