Silver recovery technology mainly includes flotation, gravity separation, cyanidation and the combination of these methods.
Cyanidation (or environmental protection agent) leaching is mainly aimed at the factories and mines with high grade, no smelter nearby and inconvenient transportation. In order to increase benefits, silver gold concentrate is selected and then cyanidated in situ to produce gold and silver. For the oxide ore with high mud content, the whole mud cyanidation carbon slurry method can also be used to recover. Different from the whole slime cyanidation of gold, the dissolution rate of natural silver, especially silver sulfide minerals, is much slower than that of gold. Therefore, strengthening measures such as high cyanide concentration, long time and strong stirring are often adopted, so the cost is high and sometimes the effect is not very good.
Flotation is the most important method to recover associated silver. It is used to treat silver minerals with fine-grained dissemination and closely associated with sulfide ores. Except for coarse silver, almost all the silver dissociated from monomer can be recovered. Moreover, the process of recovering silver minerals is simple and compact, and the tailings are generally non-toxic.
Gravity separation is used to deal with silver ore which is dissociated from monomer, that is, silver with coarse particle size and exists in free state. It consists of Nelson centrifugal concentrator, short cone hydrocyclone, centrifuge, heavy medium preconcentration, jigging, shaker, spiral classifier and cone concentrator. The silver recovery by gravity separation has the advantages of no pollution, coarse grinding particle size and low grinding cost. Therefore, flotation is often used in gravity separation.
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