The main manganese minerals found in sedimentary manganese carbonate ores include siderite, calcium siderite, manganese bearing calcite, and siderite; gangue has silicate and carbonate minerals; it is often contaminated with sulfur and iron. The ore is generally complex. Manganese minerals are embedded in fine particles up to several microns in size, making it difficult to dissociate and difficult to get a high concentrate grade.
The beneficiation practice of manganese carbonate ore is less, and the methods of strong magnetic separation, heavy medium beneficiation and flotation are studied. In industry, sequential preferential flotation is used to recover manganese minerals from sedimentary manganese carbonates containing sulfur, which include carbonaceous shale, pyrite, and manganese minerals. Some hydrothermal manganese carbonate ores containing lead-zinc undergo flotation strong magnetic separation. Manganese minerals found in some sulfur-containing and manganese-rich ores are mainly sulfur manganese ores, and sulfur can be removed by roasting. Some manganese carbonate rich ores are also roasted to remove volatile components and obtain finished ores.
Some manganese oxide and manganese carbonate ores are refractory. Iron, phosphorus or gangue are closely associated with manganese. The embedded particle size is very fine and difficult to separate. Smelting method can be considered. Industry has used manganese rich slag for treating high phosphorus and high iron manganese ore, nitric acid leaching for producing active manganese dioxide, and electrolysis for producing metal manganese. In addition, calcium bisulfate method and bacterial leaching method have also been studied.
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