1. Main Minerals
In nature, copper mainly presents sulfide and its similar compounds and copper oxides, natural copper and copper sulfate, carbonate, silicate and other minerals, about 280 kinds, 16 main minerals, as follows:
| Natural copper | Copper sulfide | Copper oxide | Sulfate/Carbonate/ Silicate |
| Cu 100% | CuFeS2 with Cu34.6% Cu6FeS4 with Cu63.3% Cu2S with Cu79.9% CuS with Cu66.5% CuFe2S3 with Cu23.4% 3Cu2So Sb2S2 with Cu46.7% 3Cu2So As2S3 with Cu52.7% Cu3AsS4 with Cu48.4% | Cu2O with Cu88.8% CuO with Cu79.9% | CuCO3o Cu(OH)2 with Cu57.5% 2CuCO3o Cu(OH)2 with Cu55.3% CuSiO3o 2H2O with Cu36.2% CuSO4o 3Cu(OH)2 with Cu56.2% CuCl2o 3CU(OH)2 with Cu59.5% |
At present, the copper produced in my country is mainly derived from chalcopyrite, followed by chalcocite, bornite, malachite and so on.
Industry requirements
| Project | Sulfide ore | Oxidized ore | |
| Pit mining | Exposed mining | ||
| Boundary grade | 0.2-0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Industrial grade | 0.4-0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| Recoverable thickness | ≥1-2 | ≥2-4 | ≥1 |
| Removal thickness of stone inclusion | ≥2-4 | ≥4.8 | ≥2 |
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