1. Main minerals
In nature, tin mainly exists in the form of natural elements, intermetallic compounds, oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, sulfides, silicates, and borates. At present, more than 50 kinds of tin minerals and tin-containing minerals have been discovered, among which the main minerals of industrial significance are:
| Cassiterite | SnO2 | Contains Sn 78.8% |
| Waspite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Contains Sn 27.6% |
| Cylindrical cassiterite | Pb3Sb2Sn4S14 | Contains Sn 26.5% |
| Sulfur tin lead ore | PbSnS2 | Contains Sn 30.51% |
| Stibnite | Pb5Sb2Sn3S14 | Contains Sn 17.09% |
2. General industrial requirements
Primary tin ore
Item | Claim | Remarks |
| Cut-off grade (Sn) | 0.1-0.2% | When the thickness of the pit and ore body is less than the minable thickness, it should be considered as a percentage of meters. |
| Industrial Grade (Sn) | 0.2-0.4% | |
| Available thickness (m) | 0.8-1 | |
Thickness of stone removal (m) | 2 |
①This reference index is calculated based on total tin and is suitable for deposits dominated by cassiterite. ②When colloidal tin, tin sulfide, etc. in the ore account for a certain proportion (>10%), the index should be increased. ③For ores mainly composed of colloidal tin and tin sulfide, separate indicators shall be formulated according to the technical and economic conditions of mining, beneficiation, and smelting.
Placer
Item | Determination of grade (tin in cassiterite) by chemical analysis | Determine the content of cassiterite by heavy sand and washing method (sn>60% purity of cassiterite) |
| Cut-off grade (Sn) | 0.02% | Cassiterite100-150g/m3 |
| Industrial Grade (Sn) | 0.04% | Cassiterite200-300g/m3 |
| Available thickness (m) | ≥0.5 | ≥0.5 |
Thickness of stone removal (m) | ≥2 | ≥2 |
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